Nicotinic acids

A vitamin of the B complex that is widely distributed in foods such as milk, wheat germ, and meat, and can be synthesized in the body from tryptophan. Its deficiency causes pellagra.

Pellagra

A deficiency disease caused by a lack of nicotinic acid or its precursor tryptophan in the diet. It is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and mental disturbance, and is often linked to overdependence on corn as a staple food.

Bronchiectasis

Chronic dilation of a bronchus of bronchi, usually in the lower portions of the lung, caused by the damaging effects of a long standing infection
Symptoms: Chronic cough, foul smelling, mucopurulent sputum production, dyspnea and wheezing are common.

Etiology: The condition may be acquired or congenital and may occur in one or both lungs. Bronchietictasis has three forms (cylindrical, varicose and saccular), which may occur individually or together. Acquired bronchietasis usually occurs secondary to an obstruction or an infection such as bronchopneumonia, chronic bronchitis, tuber culosis, cyctic fibrosis, or whooping cough. The incidence has decreased with antibiotic treatment of acute infections.

Diagnosis: Radiography is used to assist in the diagnosis, either with chest x-rays, or computed tomography of the lungs; the disease may be vidualized and cultures taken during bronchoscopy

Treatment: Therapy consists of oral or IV antibiotics for 7-10 days pulmonary hygiene, pulmonary hygiene and postural drainage. Resection of affected areas may be done in selected patients. Aerosols may be useful for bronchodilation if bronchospasm is present.

Patient care: The is patient is asessed for the presence or increased severity of respiratory distress. Ventilatory rate, pattern and effort are obsered breath sounds are auscultated and sputum is inspected for changes in quantity, color or viscosity.

Skin

Tumors of the Skin

Regional Common Disease

Systemic Disease Producing Cutaneous Disorder

Systemic diseases producing cutaneous disorder

Cutaneous lesions are occasionally produced by systemic disorder so they may help in the diagnosis of the latter. On the other hand a cutaneous disease may affect the internal organs. Hence it should never be forgotten that skin is an organ of the whole body and should be considered as such, in the practice of dermatology.
Important e.g are:

Nutritional

• Pellagra, avitaminosis.

Metabolic

• Diabetes: Pruritus, moniliasis, furunculosis, carbuncle, xanthomatososis, necrobiosis lipoidica, tropic ulcers, gangrene.
• Amyloidosis cutis.
• Cirrohosis: Spider naevu, sallow complexion, paper money skin, pruritus.
• Prophyrinuria: Pigmentation, haydro aestivale
• Xanthomatosis
• Bronze diabetes or Henochromatosis

Endocrine

• Thyrotoxicosis: Pigmentation
• Myxedema: Alopecia, Myxedematous skin
• Cushing's syndrome: Flame shaped stria
• Piruitary cachexia (Simmonds): Alopecia
• Addisons disease: Pigmentation
• Menstrual disorder: Pigmentation, chloasma, alopecia. hirsuitism.

Focal Sepsis

(In teeth, ear, sinuses, tonsils, lung, gall bladder, kidneys, protrate etc)

• Pyenuc abscesses
• Lupus erythematous
• Bacteriodes
• Rosacea
• Discoid Eczema
• Acne vulgaris
• Urticaria
• Erythema multiforme
• Diermatits herpetiformis
• Dyshidrosis

Vascular disorder

• Raynaud's disease
• PAN
• Arteriosclerosis
• Buerger;s disease

Carcinomatosis

• Secondaris in skin
• Pigmentation
• Pruritus
• Acanthosis nigricans

Naevi

• Hemangioma of skin: Associated with angioma of brain
• Adenoma sebaceum Associated with tuberous sclerosus
• Neurofibromatosis: Associated with lessions in bones, nerves and eyes.

Collagen diseases

• Lupus erythematosus
• Scleroderma
• Dermatomyosiits

Fever and rashes

Regional common disease

Scalp:

• Disease of hair
• Infective eczema
• Pediculosis
• Pityriasis capitis
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatitis

Face

• Acne vulgaris
• Atopic dermatitis
• Cholasma
• Contact dermatitis and eczema
• Dermal leishmaniasis
• Herpes simplex and zoster
• Impetigo
• Lupus erythematosis
• Lupus vulgaris
• Rosacea
• Seborrheic dermatitis
• Sycosis
• Vitiligo

Nose

• Chloasma
• Dermal leishmaniasis
• Lupus vulgaris
• Rhinoscleroma
• Rosacea

Ear

• Infective eczema
• Leprosy
• Seborrheic dermatits

Neck 

• Atopic eczema
• Contact dermatits
• Lichen simplex chronicus
• Skin tags
• Warts

Back

• Contact dermatitis
• Neurodermatits
• Sycosis nuchae

Front

• Actinomycosis
• Contact dermatits
• Pityriasis versicolor
• Pyoderma
• Scrifuloderma

Lips

• Angular stomatits
• Cheilitis
• Cheilitis glandularis
• Contact dermatitis
• Deficiency diseases
• Lichen planus
• Lupus erythromatosus
• Syphilis

Mouth

• Deficiency diseases
• Epithelioma
• Lichen planus
• Pemphigus
• Stomatitis
• Syphilis
• Tuberculosis

Chest

• Acne
• Dermatits
• Herpes zoster
• Pediculosis
• Pityriasis rosacea
• Pityriasis versicolor
• Seborrheic dermatitis

Back

• Acne vulgaris (Upper part)
• Dermatitis herpetiformis (scapular region)
• Herpes zoster
• Permphigus
• Pityriasis rosacea (along the ribs)
• Pityriasis vesicolor
• Psoriasis
• Seborrheic dermatits (interscapular region)

Armpits

• Contact dermatitis
• Flexural Psoriasis
• Fox-Fordyce's disease
• Hiradenitis suppurativa
• Infective eczema
• Seborrheic dermatits
• Tinea
• Trichomycosis axillaries

Abdomen

• Herpes zoster
• Lichen planus
• Pediculosis pubis
• Pemhigus
• Pityriasis versicolor
• Tinea

Groins

• Chancroidal pulp
• Flexural psoriasis
• Infective eczema
• Lymphogranuloma inguinale
• Moniliasis
• Scrofuloderma
• Tinea cruris

Anal Region

• Condylomata acuminatum
• Condylomata lata
• Contact eczema
• Fissure in ano
• Neurodermatits
• Pruritus ani

Genitals

• Chancre
• Chancroid
• Contact dermatits
• Epithelioma
• Granuloma inguinale
• Herpes progenitalis
• Leukoplakis
• Lichen planus
• Lichen sclerosis er atrophicus
• Neurodermatits
• Peiculosis
• Phagedaena
• Scabies
• Secondary syphilis

Arms

• Herpes zoster
• Tinea versicolor

Forearms

• Dermatits derpetiformis
• Discoid dermatits
• Erythema multiforme
• Lichen planus
• Psoriasis
• Tinea circinata

Elbows 

• Atopic dermatits (Front)
• Dermala Leishmaniasis
• Lupus Vulgaris
• Psoriasis (back)

Hands

• Chilblanes
• Contact eczema
• Drug allergy
• Dyshidrosis (palms)
• Infective dermatits
• Keratoderma
• Leprosy
• Nummular eczema
• Psorias
• Pustular bacteroids
• Raynaud's disease
• Syphilis
• Tinea
• Trade Eruptions
• Tuberculosis
• Verrucosis
• Warts.

Thighs

• Contact dermatits
• Folliculitis
• Tinea

Knees

• Atopic dermatits (Back)
• Lupus vulgaris
• Psoriasis (front)

Legs

• Bazin's dosease
• Doscoid dermatits
• Erythema nodosum
• Folliculitis
• Henoch Schonlein Purpura
• Lichen Planus
• Neurodermatits
• Psoriasis

Feet

• Actonomycocsis madurae
• Bacteroids
• Buerger's disease
• Chilblains
• Contact dermatits
• Discoid dermatits
• Dyshidrosis
• Keratoderma
• Leprosy
• Neurodermatits
• Post traumatic infective eczema
• Raynaud's disease
• Tinea
• Tuberculosis cutis verrucosus
• Varicose ulcers
• Warts.